1. Find the average of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24.
- 14
- 21
- 20
- 18
Answer: D) 18
Explanation: Sum = 90, count = 5, average = 90 div 5 = 18.
MCQs / Quantitative Reasoning / Percentages, Ratios & Averages
Percentages, Ratios & Averages MCQs — Quantitative Reasoning
35 multiple-choice questions on Percentages, Ratios & Averages from Quantitative Reasoning, each with the correct answer and, where available, a teacher's explanation. Read through them to revise the chapter, then practise the same questions one by one to test yourself.
2. The average of 5 numbers is 60. When one more number is added, the average becomes 62. What number was added?
- 62
- 72
- 78
- 74
Answer: B) 72
Explanation: Old total = 5 60 = 300; new total = 6 62 = 372; added number = 72.
3. An article bought for Rs 800 is sold for Rs 920. Find the profit percentage.
- 20%
- 10%
- 13%
- 15%
Answer: D) 15%
Explanation: Profit = 120; dfrac120800 100 = 15% (always on cost price).
4. Find the simple interest on Rs 12000 at 5% per year for 2 years.
- Rs 1200
- Rs 900
- Rs 600
- Rs 1800
Answer: A) Rs 1200
Explanation: SI = dfracP R T100 = dfrac12000 5 2100 = 1200.
5. The average of 8 numbers is 25. When one more number is added, the average becomes 26. What number was added?
- 32
- 38
- 34
- 24
Answer: C) 34
Explanation: Old total = 8 25 = 200; new total = 9 26 = 234; added number = 34.
6. Rs 1500 is divided between Ali and Sara in the ratio 2:3. How much does Sara get?
- Rs 600
- Rs 900
- Rs 750
- Rs 1200
Answer: B) Rs 900
Explanation: Total parts = 2+3 = 5; one part = 1500 div 5 = 300; Sara gets 3 300 = 900.
7. What is 15% of 240?
- 30
- 36
- 44
- 31
Answer: B) 36
Explanation: 15% 240 = dfrac15100 240 = 36.
8. Two successive discounts of 25% and 20% equal a single discount of:
- 45%
- 42%
- 37%
- 40%
Answer: D) 40%
Explanation: Price after both: 100 0.75 0.8 = 60, so the total discount is 40% — less than 45%.
9. Rs 840 is divided between Ali and Sara in the ratio 3:4. How much does Sara get?
- Rs 480
- Rs 600
- Rs 360
- Rs 420
Answer: A) Rs 480
Explanation: Total parts = 3+4 = 7; one part = 840 div 7 = 120; Sara gets 4 120 = 480.
10. An article bought for Rs 1200 is sold for Rs 1500. Find the profit percentage.
- 40%
- 30%
- 20%
- 25%
Answer: D) 25%
Explanation: Profit = 300; dfrac3001200 100 = 25% (always on cost price).
11. A price changes from Rs 400 to Rs 460. What is the percentage change?
- 15% decrease
- 20% increase
- 15% increase
- 13% increase
Answer: C) 15% increase
Explanation: Change = 60; dfrac60400 100 = 15% increase. Always divide by the original value.
12. A price changes from Rs 1200 to Rs 900. What is the percentage change?
- 25% increase
- 33.3% decrease
- 25% decrease
- 30% decrease
Answer: C) 25% decrease
Explanation: Change = -300; dfrac3001200 100 = 25% decrease. Always divide by the original value.
13. Rs 990 is divided between Ali and Sara in the ratio 4:7. How much does Sara get?
- Rs 360
- Rs 630
- Rs 720
- Rs 495
Answer: B) Rs 630
Explanation: Total parts = 4+7 = 11; one part = 990 div 11 = 90; Sara gets 7 90 = 630.
14. If A:B = 2:3 and B:C = 4:5, then A:C is:
- 6:5
- 4:5
- 8:15
- 2:5
Answer: C) 8:15
Explanation: Make B equal: A:B = 8:12, B:C = 12:15, so A:C = 8:15.
15. Find the simple interest on Rs 2500 at 10% per year for 4 years.
- Rs 875
- Rs 250
- Rs 1250
- Rs 1000
Answer: D) Rs 1000
Explanation: SI = dfracP R T100 = dfrac2500 10 4100 = 1000.
16. Rs 720 is divided between Ali and Sara in the ratio 5:7. How much does Sara get?
- Rs 300
- Rs 420
- Rs 360
- Rs 480
Answer: B) Rs 420
Explanation: Total parts = 5+7 = 12; one part = 720 div 12 = 60; Sara gets 7 60 = 420.
17. Two successive discounts of 10% and 10% equal a single discount of:
- 16%
- 21%
- 19%
- 20%
Answer: C) 19%
Explanation: Price after both: 100 0.9 0.9 = 81, so the total discount is 19% — less than 20%.
18. Find the average of 7, 9, 11, 13.
- 11
- 7
- 10
- 12
Answer: C) 10
Explanation: Sum = 40, count = 4, average = 40 div 4 = 10.
19. A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. The net change is:
- 4% increase
- No change
- 4% decrease
- 2% decrease
Answer: C) 4% decrease
Explanation: 100 to 120 to 96: a net decrease of 4%.
20. What is 35% of 160?
- 56
- 62
- 61
- 48
Answer: A) 56
Explanation: 35% 160 = dfrac35100 160 = 56.
21. In a class of 40 students, 35% are girls. How many boys are there?
- 26
- 14
- 28
- 24
Answer: A) 26
Explanation: Girls = 0.35 40 = 14, boys = 40 - 14 = 26.
22. A price changes from Rs 80 to Rs 100. What is the percentage change?
- 25% increase
- 30% increase
- 25% decrease
- 20% increase
Answer: A) 25% increase
Explanation: Change = 20; dfrac2080 100 = 25% increase. Always divide by the original value.
23. An article bought for Rs 750 is sold for Rs 600. Find the loss percentage.
- 25%
- 15%
- 20%
- 35%
Answer: C) 20%
Explanation: Loss = 150; dfrac150750 100 = 20% (always on cost price).
24. Find the average of 45, 52, 38, 61, 54.
- 48
- 53
- 49
- 50
Answer: D) 50
Explanation: Sum = 250, count = 5, average = 250 div 5 = 50.
25. Find the simple interest on Rs 5000 at 8% per year for 3 years.
- Rs 1600
- Rs 400
- Rs 1200
- Rs 1000
Answer: C) Rs 1200
Explanation: SI = dfracP R T100 = dfrac5000 8 3100 = 1200.
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Practise Percentages, Ratios & Averages MCQs